British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Edexcel - Biology A - 9BN0

  • Overview
  • Chapters

Biology A 9BN0 is the Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters-Nuffield).

The Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Biology A (Salters -Nuffield) consists of three externally examined papers and the Science Practical Endorsement.

Component 1: The Natural Environment and Species Survival.

Component 2: Energy, Exercise and Coordination.

Component 3: General and Practical Applications in Biology.

Component 4: Science Practical Endorsement.

  • 1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk
    1.1: Lifestyle, Health and Risk
    1.1.1: Many animals have a heart and circulation
    1.1.2: The importance of water as a solvent in transport
    1.1.3: The structures of blood vessels related to their functions
    1.1.4: The cardiac cycle
    1.1.5: The course of events that leads to atherosclerosis
    1.1.6: The blood-clotting process
    1.1.7: Factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
    1.1.8: Quantitative data on illness and mortality rates
    1.1.9: The design of studies used to determine health risk factors
    1.1.10: People’s perceptions of risks are often different from the actual risks
    1.1.11: Analyse data on energy budgets and diet
    1.1.12: The difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
    1.1.13: Monosaccharides join to form disaccharides
    1.1.14: Triglyceride is synthesised by the formation of ester bonds
    1.1.15: The possible significance for health of blood cholesterol levels
    1.1.16: The effects of diet
    1.1.17: The effect of caffeine on heart rate in Daphnia
    1.1.18: The potential ethical issues regarding the use of invertebrates in research
    1.1.19: The vitamin C content of food and drink
    1.1.20: The benefits and risks of treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • 2: Genes and Health
    2.1: Genes and Health
    2.1.1: The properties of gas exchange surfaces
    2.1.2: The structure and properties of cell membranes
    2.1.3: The effect of alcohol concentration or temperature on membrane permeability
    2.1.4: Osmosis
    2.1.5: Passive transport
    2.1.6: The basic structure of mononucleotides
    2.1.7: The process of protein synthesis
    2.1.8: The nature of the genetic code
    2.1.9: A gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule
    2.1.10: The basic structure of an amino acid
    2.1.11: The mechanism of action and the specificity of enzymes
    2.1.12: Enzyme and substrate concentrations effect on the initial rates of reactions
    2.1.13: The process of DNA replication
    2.1.14: Errors in DNA replication can give rise to mutations
    2.1.15: Patterns of inheritance
    2.1.16: The expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic fibrosis
    2.1.17: The uses of genetic screening
    2.1.18: The social and ethical issues related to genetic screening
  • 3: Voice of the Genome
    3.1: Voice of the Genome
    3.1.1: All living organisms are made of cells
    3.1.2: The ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells
    3.1.3: The role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and the Golgi apparatus
    3.1.4: The ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells
    3.1.5: Recognise the organelles from electron microscope (EM) images.
    3.1.6: Mammalian gametes are specialised for their functions
    3.1.7: The process of fertilisation in mammals
    3.1.8: A locus (plural = loci) is the location of genes on a chromosome
    3.1.9: The role of meiosis in ensuring genetic variation
    3.1.10: The role of mitosis and the cell cycle in producing identical daughter cells
    3.1.11: Prepare and stain a root tip squash to observe the stages of mitosis
    3.1.12: ‘stem cell, pluripotency and totipotency’
    3.1.13: Cells become specialised through differential gene expression
    3.1.14: The cells of multicellular organisms are organised into tissues
    3.1.15: Phenotype is the result of an interaction between genotype and the environment
    3.1.16: Some phenotypes are affected by multiple alleles for the same gene at many loci
  • 4: Biodiversity and Natural Resources
    4.1: Biodiversity and Natural Resources
    4.1.1: The variety of life has become extensive
    4.1.2: Biodiversity and endemism
    4.1.3: The concept of niche
    4.1.4: Natural selection can lead to adaptation and evolution
    4.1.5: The Hardy-Weinberg equation
    4.1.6: Classification is a means of organising the variety of life
    4.1.7: The ultrastructure of plant cells
    4.1.8: Recognise the organelles from electron microscope (EM) images
    4.1.9: The structure and function of the polysaccharides starch and cellulose
    4.1.10: Plant cell walls
    4.1.11: Sclerenchyma fibres, phloem sieve tubes and xylem vessels
    4.1.12: The similarities and differences between the structures, position in the stem
    4.1.13: The importance of water and inorganic ions to plants.
    4.1.14: Investigate plant mineral deficiencies
    4.1.15: The tensile strength of plant fibres
    4.1.16: The development of drug testing from historic to contemporary protocols
    4.1.17: The conditions required for bacterial growth
    4.1.18: The antimicrobial properties of plants
    4.1.19: The uses of plant fibres and starch may contribute to sustainability
    4.1.20: Conservation of endangered species
  • 5: On the Wild Side
    5.1: On the Wild Side
    5.1.1: Ecosystem, community, population and habitat
    5.1.2: Biotic and abiotic factors
    5.1.3: Distribution and abundance of organisms in a habitat
    5.1.4: A study on the ecology of a habitat
    5.1.5: The stages of succession from colonisation to a climax community
    5.1.6: The overall reaction of photosynthesis
    5.1.7: Phosphorylation of ADP requires energy
    5.1.8: Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
    5.1.9: The light-independent reactions
    5.1.10: Photosynthesis using isolated chloroplasts (the Hill reaction)
    5.1.11: Net primary productivity
    5.1.12: The efficiency of biomass and energy transfers between trophic levels
    5.1.13: The different types of evidence for climate change and its causes
    5.1.14: The causes of anthropogenic climate change
    5.1.15: Data can be extrapolated to make predictions
    5.1.16: The effects of climate change on plants and animals
    5.1.17: The effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity
    5.1.18: Evolution can come about through gene mutation and natural selection
    5.1.19: The role of the scientific community in validating new evidence
    5.1.20: Isolation reduces gene flow between populations
    5.1.21: The effect of temperature on the initial rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
    5.1.22: The effects of temperature on the development of organisms
    5.1.23: Scientific conclusions about controversial issues
    5.1.24: Methods to reduce atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide
    5.1.25: Reforestation and the use of sustainable resources
  • 6: Immunity, Infection and Forensics
    6.1: Immunity, Infection and Forensics
    6.1.1: The time of death of a mammal
    6.1.2: The role of micro-organisms in the decomposition of organic matter
    6.1.3: DNA profiling is used for identification and determining genetic relationships
    6.1.4: DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
    6.1.5: Use gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments of different length
    6.1.6: Compare the structure of bacteria and viruses
    6.1.7: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    6.1.8: The non-specific responses of the body to infection
    6.1.9: The roles of antigens and antibodies in the body’s immune response
    6.1.10: The roles of B cells and T cells in the body’s immune response
    6.1.11: One gene can give rise to more than one protein
    6.1.12: Major routes pathogens may take when entering the body
    6.1.13: Individuals may develop immunity
    6.1.14: The theory of an ‘evolutionary race’
    6.1.15: The difference between bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics
    6.1.16: The effect of different antibiotics on bacteria
    6.1.17: The contributory causes of hospital acquired infections
  • 7: Run for your Life
    7.1: Run for your Life
    7.1.1: Muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interaction to enable movement
    7.1.2: The process of contraction of skeletal muscle
    7.1.3: The overall reaction of aerobic respiration
    7.1.4: The roles of glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
    7.1.5: The role of the link reaction and the Krebs cycle
    7.1.6: ATP is synthesised by oxidative phosphorylation
    7.1.7: what happens to lactate after a period of anaerobic respiration in animals
    7.1.8: Rate of respiration
    7.1.9: The myogenic nature of cardiac muscle
    7.1.10: Cardiac output
    7.1.11: The effects of exercise
    7.1.12: The structure of a muscle fibre
    7.1.13: Negative feedback and positive feedback control
    7.1.14: Homeostasis and its importance
    7.1.15: Disadvantages of exercising too much
    7.1.16: Medical technology
    7.1.17: Different ethical positions
    7.1.18: Genes can be switched on and off by DNA transcription factors including hormones
  • 8: Grey Matter
    8.1: Grey Matter
    8.1.1: The structure and function of sensory, relay and motor neurones
    8.1.2: The nervous systems of organisms
    8.1.3: A nerve impulse (action potential) is conducted along an axon
    8.1.4: The structure and function of synapses in nerve impulse transmission
    8.1.5: The nervous systems of organisms can detect stimuli
    8.1.6: Phytochrome and IAA bring about responses in plants to environmental cues
    8.1.7: Co-ordination is brought about through nervous and hormonal control in animals
    8.1.8: The location and functions of the cerebral hemispheres
    8.1.9: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    8.1.10: The critical period so that mammals can develop their visual capacities
    8.1.11: The role animal models have played in the research
    8.1.12: Moral and ethical issues relating to the use of animals in medical research
    8.1.13: Animals, including humans, can learn by habituation
    8.1.14: Habituation to a stimulus
    8.1.15: Imbalances in brain chemicals can contribute to ill health
    8.1.16: The effects of drugs on synaptic transmissions
    8.1.17: The outcomes of genome sequencing projects
    8.1.18: Drugs can be produced using genetically modified organisms
    8.1.19: Risks and benefits associated with the use of genetically modified organisms
    8.1.20: The contributions of nature and nurture to brain development

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