British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Cambridge - Physics - 0625

  • Overview
  • Chapters

The Cambridge IGCSE Physics syllabus helps learners to understand the technological world in which they live, and take an informed interest in science and scientific developments. They learn about the basic principles of physics through a mix of theoretical and practical studies. Learners also develop an understanding of the scientific skills essential for further study.

As they progress, learners gain an understanding of how science is studied and practised, and become aware that the results of scientific research can have both good and bad effects on individuals, communities and the environment.

  • 1: General physics
    1.1: Length and time
    1.1.1: The use of rules and measuring cylinders to find a length or a volume
    1.1.2: Micrometer screw gauge is used to measure very small distances
    1.1.3: The use of clocks and devices for measuring an interval of time
    1.1.4: Average value for a small distance and for a short interval of time
    1.2: Motion
    1.2.1: Speed
    1.2.2: Speed and velocity
    1.2.3: speed–time graph and distance–time graph
    1.2.4: Acceleration
    1.2.5: Speed from the gradient of a distance–time graph
    1.2.6: Speed–time graph
    1.2.7: Acceleration from the gradient of a speed–time graph
    1.2.8: linear motion for which the acceleration is constant
    1.2.9: The distance travelled for motion with constant acceleration
    1.2.10: Motion for which the acceleration is not constant
    1.2.11: Deceleration
    1.2.12: Acceleration and deceleration are related to changing speed
    1.2.13: The motion of bodies falling in a uniform gravitational field
    1.2.14: The acceleration of free fall for a body near to the Earth is constant
    1.3: Mass and weight
    1.3.1: The mass of a body
    1.3.2: Mass is a property that ‘resists’ change in motion
    1.3.3: Weight is a gravitational force
    1.3.4: weight as the effect of a gravitational field on a mass
    1.3.5: Mass and weight
    1.3.6: The equation W = mg
    1.3.7: Weights (and hence masses) may be compared using a balance
    1.4: Density
    1.4.1: The equation ρ = m/V
    1.4.2: The density of a liquid and of a regularly shaped solid
    1.4.3: The density of an irregularly shaped solid by the method of displacement
    1.4.4: Floating based on density data
    1.5: Effects of forces
    1.5.1: A force may produce a change in size and shape of a body
    1.5.2: Extension–load graphs
    1.5.3: Hooke’s Law
    1.5.4: ‘Limit of proportionality’
    1.5.5: The ways in which a force may change the motion of a body
    1.5.6: The relationship between force, mass and acceleration
    1.5.7: The resultant of two or more forces acting along the same line
    1.5.8: Motion in a circular path due to a perpendicular force
    1.5.9: No resultant force on a body
    1.5.10: Friction
    1.5.11: Air resistance
    1.6: Turning effect
    1.6.1: The moment of a force
    1.6.2: Increasing force or distance from the pivot increases the moment of a force
    1.6.3: Moment
    1.6.4: The principle of moments
    1.6.5: The principle of moments in different situations
    1.7: Conditions for equilibrium
    1.7.1: System in equilibrium
    1.7.2: No net moment on a body in equilibrium
    1.8: Centre of mass
    1.8.1: The position of the centre of mass of a plane lamina
    1.8.2: The effect of the position of the centre of mass on the stability of objects
    1.9: Scalars and vectors
    1.9.1: Vectors have a magnitude and direction
    1.9.2: The difference between scalars and vectors
    1.9.3: The resultant of two vectors
    1.10: Momentum
    1.10.1: The concepts of momentum and impulse
    1.10.2: Momentum equation
    1.10.3: Impulse equation
    1.10.4: The conservation of momentum
    1.11: Energy
    1.11.1: Changes in energy
    1.11.2: Kinetic energy and change in gravitational potential energy
    1.11.3: Energy is transferred during events and processes
    1.11.4: The principle of conservation of energy
    1.11.5: The principle of conservation of energy applied to multiple stages
    1.11.6: The energy tends to become dissipated among the objects and surroundings
    1.12: Energy resources
    1.12.1: Obtaining electricity and other useful forms of energy
    1.12.2: Sun is the source of energy for all our energy resources
    1.12.3: Energy is released by nuclear fusion in the Sun
    1.12.4: Advantages and disadvantages of energy resources
    1.12.5: Efficiency
    1.12.6: Efficiency equation
    1.13: Work
    1.13.1: Work done = energy transferred
    1.13.2: W = Fd = ΔE
    1.13.3: The magnitude of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force
    1.14: Power
    1.14.1: Power related to work done and time taken
    1.14.2: The equation P = ΔE / t
    1.15: Pressure
    1.15.1: The equation p = F / A
    1.15.2: pressure related to force and area
    1.15.3: The simple mercury barometer and its use in measuring atmospheric pressure
    1.15.4: The pressure beneath a liquid surface related to depth and to density
    1.15.5: The equation p = hρg
    1.15.6: The use of a manometer
  • 2: Thermal physics
    2.1: States of matter
    2.1.1: The distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
    2.2: Molecular model
    2.2.1: The molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases
    2.2.2: The properties of solids, liquids and gases
    2.2.3: The temperature of a gas
    2.2.4: The pressure of a gas
    2.2.5: The change of momentum of the particles striking the walls creating a force
    2.2.6: The random motion of particles in a suspension
    2.2.7: Massive particles may be moved by light, fast-moving molecules
    2.2.8: Brownian motion
    2.3: Evaporation
    2.3.1: Evaporation
    2.3.2: Temperature, surface area and draught over a surface influence evaporation
    2.3.3: Evaporation related to the consequent cooling of the liquid
    2.3.4: The cooling of a body in contact with an evaporating liquid
    2.4: Pressure changes
    2.4.1: The effect on the pressure of a gas
    2.4.2: The equation pV = constant
    2.5: Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
    2.5.1: The thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases at constant pressure
    2.5.2: The order of the magnitude of the expansion of solids, liquids and gases
    2.5.3: Applications and consequences of thermal expansion
    2.6: Measurement of temperature
    2.6.1: A physical property that varies with temperature
    2.6.2: Sensitivity, range and linearity
    2.6.3: The structure of a thermocouple
    2.6.4: The need for and identify fixed points
    2.6.5: The structure and action of liquid-in-glass thermometers
    2.6.6: Sensitivity, range and linearity of liquid-in-glass thermometer
    2.7: Thermal capacity (heat capacity)
    2.7.1: A rise in the temperature of a body
    2.7.2: Increase in internal energy
    2.7.3: The thermal capacity of a body
    2.7.4: The equation of thermal capacity
    2.7.5: Specific heat capacity
    2.7.6: The specific heat capacity of a substance
    2.7.7: The equation of change in energy
    2.8: Melting and boiling
    2.8.1: Melting and boiling
    2.8.2: Boiling and evaporation
    2.8.3: Melting point and boiling point
    2.8.4: Condensation and solidification
    2.8.5: Latent heat of vaporisation and latent heat of fusion
    2.8.6: Specific latent heat
    2.8.7: Specific latent heats for steam and for ice
    2.8.8: The equation of energy
    2.9: Conduction
    2.9.1: The properties of good and bad thermal conductors
    2.9.2: Conduction in solids
    2.10: Convection
    2.10.1: Convection
    2.10.2: Convection in fluids related to density changes
    2.11: Radiation
    2.11.1: Infrared radiation
    2.11.2: The properties of good and bad emitters and absorbers of infrared radiation
    2.11.3: Thermal energy transfer by radiation does not require a medium
    2.11.4: The effect of surface colour and texture on radiation
    2.11.5: The amount of radiation emitted depends on the surface temperature and area
    2.12: Consequences of energy transfer
    2.12.1: Applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation
  • 3: Properties of waves, including light and sound
    3.1: General wave properties
    3.1.1: Waves transfer energy without transferring matter
    3.1.2: Wave motion
    3.1.3: Wavefront
    3.1.4: Speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude
    3.1.5: The equation v = f λ
    3.1.6: Transverse and longitudinal waves
    3.1.7: Reflection, refraction, and diffraction
    3.1.8: Wavelength and gap size affects diffraction through a gap
    3.1.9: Wavelength affects diffraction at an edge
    3.1.10: The use of water waves to demonstrate reflection, refraction and diffraction
    3.2: Reflection of light
    3.2.1: The formation of an optical image by a plane mirror
    3.2.2: The image in a plane mirror is virtual
    3.2.3: Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
    3.2.4: Reflection by plane mirrors
    3.3: Refraction of light
    3.3.1: Refraction of light
    3.3.2: Refractive index
    3.3.3: The passage of light through parallel-sided transparent material
    3.3.4: The equation sin i/sin r = n
    3.3.5: n = 1/sin c
    3.3.6: The action of optical fibres in medicine and communications technology
    3.3.7: Critical angle
    3.3.8: Internal and total internal reflection
    3.4: Thin converging lens
    3.4.1: The action of a thin converging lens on a beam of light
    3.4.2: Principal focus and focal length
    3.4.3: The formation of a real image by a single lens
    3.4.4: The formation of a virtual image by a single lens
    3.4.5: The nature of an image
    3.4.6: The use of a single lens as a magnifying glass
    3.4.7: Real image and virtual image
    3.5: Dispersion of light
    3.5.1: The dispersion of light
    3.5.2: Light of a single frequency is described as monochromatic
    3.6: Electromagnetic spectrum
    3.6.1: The main features of the electromagnetic spectrum
    3.6.2: The speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum
    3.6.3: All electromagnetic waves travel with the same high speed in a vacuum
    3.6.4: Properties and uses of radiations
    3.6.5: Safety issues regarding the use of microwaves and X-rays
    3.7: Sound
    3.7.1: The production of sound by vibrating sources
    3.7.2: The longitudinal nature of sound waves
    3.7.3: Compression and rarefaction
    3.7.4: The approximate range of audible frequencies for a healthy human ear
    3.7.5: Ultrasound
    3.7.6: A medium is needed to transmit sound waves
    3.7.7: The speed of sound in air
    3.7.8: The speed of sound in gases, liquids and solids
    3.7.9: The loudness and pitch of sound waves related to amplitude and frequency
    3.7.10: The reflection of sound may produce an echo
  • 4: Electricity and magnetism
    4.1: Simple phenomena of magnetism
    4.1.1: The forces between magnets, and between magnets and magnetic materials
    4.1.2: Magnetic forces are due to interactions between magnetic fields
    4.1.3: Induced magnetism
    4.1.4: Magnetic and non-magnetic materials
    4.1.5: Methods of magnetisation
    4.1.6: Methods of demagnetisation
    4.1.7: The pattern of magnetic field lines around a bar magnet
    4.1.8: The pattern of magnetic field lines
    4.1.9: The magnetic properties of soft iron and steel
    4.1.10: The design and use of permanent magnets and electromagnets
    4.2: Electric charge
    4.2.1: Positive and negative charges
    4.2.2: Charge is measured in coulombs
    4.2.3: Unlike charges attract and like charges repel
    4.2.4: The direction of an electric field
    4.2.5: The production and detection of electrostatic charges
    4.2.6: Electric field
    4.2.7: Charging a body involves the addition or removal of electrons
    4.2.8: Simple field patterns
    4.2.9: Charging by induction
    4.2.10: Electrical conductors and insulators
    4.2.11: Simple electron model to distinguish between conductors and insulators
    4.3: Current
    4.3.1: Current is related to the flow of charge
    4.3.2: Current is a rate of flow of charge
    4.3.3: The use of an ammeter
    4.3.4: Current in metals is due to a flow of electrons
    4.3.5: The direction of flow of electrons and conventional current
    4.4: Electromotive force
    4.4.1: Electromotive force of an electrical source of energy is measured in volts
    4.4.2: Energy supplied by a source in driving charge round a complete circuit
    4.5: Potential difference
    4.5.1: The potential difference (p.d.) across a circuit component is measured in volts
    4.5.2: 1 V is equivalent to 1 J / C
    4.5.3: The use of a voltmeter
    4.6: Resistance
    4.6.1: Resistance = p.d. / current
    4.6.2: The current–voltage characteristic of an ohmic resistor and a filament lamp
    4.6.3: The equation R = V / I
    4.6.4: Resistance using a voltmeter and an ammeter
    4.6.5: The resistance of a wire related to its length and to its diameter
    4.6.6: Relation between resistance, length, and cross sectional area of a wire
    4.7: Electrical working
    4.7.1: Electric circuits transfer energy
    4.7.2: The equations P = IV and E = IVt
    4.8: Circuit diagrams
    4.8.1: Circuit diagrams drawings
    4.8.2: Circuit diagrams containing diodes
    4.9: Series and parallel circuits
    4.9.1: The current at every point in a series circuit is the same
    4.9.2: The combined e.m.f. of several sources in series
    4.9.3: The combined resistance of two or more resistors in series
    4.9.4: The sum of the p.d.s across the components in a series circuit
    4.9.5: Parallel circuit
    4.9.6: Calculating current
    4.9.7: The combined resistance of two resistors in parallel
    4.9.8: The effective resistance of two resistors in parallel
    4.9.9: The advantages of connecting lamps in parallel in a lighting circuit
    4.10: Action and use of circuit components
    4.10.1: The action of a variable potential divider (potentiometer)
    4.10.2: The action of a diode and its use as a rectifier
    4.10.3: The action of thermistors and light dependent resistors
    4.10.4: Circuits operating as light-sensitive switches and temperature-operated alarms
    4.10.5: The action of a relay and its use in switching circuits
    4.11: Digital electronics
    4.11.1: Analogue and digital
    4.11.2: The action of NOT, AND, OR, NAND and NOR gates
    4.11.3: The symbols for logic gates
    4.11.4: Simple digital circuits combining several logic gates
    4.11.5: The action of individual gates and simple combinations of gates
    4.12: Dangers of electricity
    4.12.1: Hazards
    4.12.2: A fuse protects a circuit
    4.12.3: The use of fuses and circuit breakers
    4.12.4: The benefits of earthing metal cases
    4.13: Electromagnetic induction
    4.13.1: Inducing an e.m.f. in the conductor
    4.13.2: The direction of an induced e.m.f. opposes the change causing it
    4.13.3: The relative directions of force, field and induced current
    4.13.4: Electromagnetic induction experiment
    4.13.5: The factors affecting the magnitude of an induced e.m.f.
    4.14: a.c. generator
    4.14.1: d.c. and a.c.
    4.14.2: A rotating-coil generator and the use of slip rings
    4.14.3: Voltage output against time
    4.14.4: The position of the generator coil related to the voltage output
    4.15: Transformer
    4.15.1: The construction of a basic transformer with a soft-iron core
    4.15.2: The principle of operation of a transformer
    4.15.3: The equation (Vp / Vs) = (Np / Ns)
    4.15.4: Step-up and step-down
    4.15.5: The use of the transformer in high voltage transmission of electricity
    4.15.6: The advantages of high-voltage transmission
    4.15.7: Power losses in cables are lower when the voltage is high
    4.16: The magnetic effect of a current
    4.16.1: The pattern of the magnetic field
    4.16.2: Variation of the strength of the magnetic field over the pattern
    4.16.3: Applications of the magnetic effect of current
    4.16.4: The direction of a magnetic field line at a point
    4.16.5: Changing the magnitude and direction of the current
    4.17: Force on a current-carrying conductor
    4.17.1: A force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field
    4.17.2: The relative directions of force, field and current
    4.17.3: The corresponding force on beams of charged particles
    4.18: d.c. motor
    4.18.1: A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect
    4.18.2: The turning effect related to the action of an electric motor
  • 5: Atomic physics
    5.1: Atomic model
    5.1.1: The structure of an atom
    5.1.2: The scattering of α-particles by thin metal foils
    5.2: Nucleus
    5.2.1: The composition of the nucleus
    5.2.2: Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
    5.2.3: The charges of protons and neutrons
    5.2.4: Proton number Z
    5.2.5: Nucleon number A
    5.2.6: Nuclide
    5.2.7: Equations involving nuclide notation
    5.2.8: Isotope
    5.3: Detection of radioactivity
    5.3.1: Background radiation
    5.3.2: The detection of α-particles, β‑particles and γ-rays
    5.4: Characteristics of the three kinds of emission
    5.4.1: The random nature of radioactive emission
    5.4.2: α-, β- and γ-emissions
    5.4.3: Deflection in electric fields and in magnetic fields
    5.4.4: Relative ionising effects
    5.4.5: Practical applications of α-, β- and γ-emissions
    5.5: Radioactive decay
    5.5.1: Radioactive decay meaning
    5.5.2: Changes in the composition of the nucleus when particles are emitted
    5.5.3: During α- or β-decay the nucleus changes to that of a different element
    5.6: Half-life
    5.6.1: Half-life in simple calculations
    5.6.2: Half-life from data or decay curves
    5.7: Safety precautions
    5.7.1: The effects of ionising radiations on living things
    5.7.2: How radioactive materials are handled, used and stored in a safe way

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