British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Cambridge - Chemistry (9-1) - 0971

  • Overview
  • Chapters

The Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus enables learners to understand the technological world in which they live, and take an informed interest in science and scientific developments. Learners gain an understanding of the basic principles of chemistry through a mix of theoretical and practical studies. They also develop an understanding of the scientific skills essential for further study.

As they progress, learners understand how science is studied and practised, and become aware that the results of scientific research can have both good and bad effects on individuals, communities and the environment.

  • 1: The particulate nature of matter
    1.1: The particulate nature of matter
    1.1.1: The distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
    1.1.2: The structure of solids, liquids and gases
    1.1.3: Changes of state
    1.1.4: Kinetic theory
    1.1.5: The pressure and temperature of a gas
    1.1.6: The random motion of particles in a suspension
    1.1.7: Brownian motion
    1.1.8: Evidence for Brownian motion
    1.1.9: Diffusion
    1.1.10: Dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass
  • 2: Experimental techniques
    2.1: Measurement
    2.1.1: Appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume
    2.2: Criteria of purity
    2.2.1: Paper chromatography
    2.2.2: Simple chromatograms
    2.2.3: Interpret simple chromatograms
    2.2.4: Chromatography techniques
    2.2.5: Identifying substances and assessing their purity
    2.2.6: The importance of purity in substances in everyday life
    2.3: Methods of purification
    2.3.1: Methods of purification
    2.3.2: Suitable purification techniques
  • 3: Atoms, elements and compounds
    3.1: Atomic structure and the Periodic Table
    3.1.1: Charges and relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons
    3.1.2: Proton number
    3.1.3: Nucleon number
    3.1.4: The basis of the Periodic Table
    3.1.5: Isotopes
    3.1.6: Isotopes have the same properties
    3.1.7: Radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes
    3.1.8: Medical and industrial use of radioactive isotopes
    3.1.9: Build-up of electrons ‘shells’
    3.2: Bonding: the structure of matter
    3.2.1: Elements, mixtures, compounds, metals and non-metals
    3.2.2: Alloy
    3.3: Ions and ionic bonds
    3.3.1: The formation of ions by electron loss or gain
    3.3.2: The formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements
    3.3.3: The formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII
    3.3.4: The lattice structure of ionic compounds
    3.4: Molecules and covalent bonds
    3.4.1: The formation of single covalent bonds
    3.4.2: The electron arrangement in more complex covalent molecules
    3.4.3: Volatility, solubility and electrical conductivity
    3.4.4: Melting point and boiling point
    3.5: Macromolecules
    3.5.1: The giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond
    3.5.2: Relate their structures to their uses
    3.5.3: The macromolecular structure of silicon(IV) oxide (silicon dioxide)
    3.5.4: The similarity in properties between diamond and silicon(IV) oxide
    3.6: Metallic bonding
    3.6.1: Metallic bonding description
  • 4: Stoichiometry
    4.1: Stoichiometry
    4.1.1: The symbols of the elements and the formulae of simple compounds
    4.1.2: The formula of a simple compound
    4.1.3: The formula of a simple compound from a model
    4.1.4: The formula of an ionic compound
    4.1.5: Word equations and simple balanced chemical equations
    4.1.6: Equations with state symbols
    4.1.7: The balanced equation for a chemical reaction
    4.1.8: Relative atomic mass
    4.1.9: Relative molecular mass
    4.2: The mole concept
    4.2.1: The mole and the Avogadro constant
    4.2.2: Molar gas volume
    4.2.3: Stoichiometric reacting masses and volumes of gases and solutions
    4.2.4: Empirical formulae and molecular formulae
    4.2.5: Percentage yield and percentage purity
  • 5: Electricity and chemistry
    5.1: Electricity and chemistry
    5.1.1: Electrolysis
    5.1.2: The products of electrolysis
    5.1.3: The electrode products
    5.1.4: The ions present and reactions at the electrodes in electrolysis
    5.1.5: Metals are formed at the cathode and non-metals are formed at the anode
    5.1.6: The products of the electrolysis of a specified binary compound
    5.1.7: The products of electrolysis of a specified halide
    5.1.8: Electroplating of metals
    5.1.9: Ionic half-equations for reactions at the cathode
    5.1.10: The uses of electroplating
    5.1.11: The use of copper and aluminium in cables
    5.1.12: The transfer of charge during electrolysis
    5.1.13: The production of electrical energy from simple cells
    5.1.14: The manufacture of aluminium, chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide
  • 6: Chemical energetics
    6.1: Energetics of a reaction
    6.1.1: Exothermic and endothermic reactions
    6.1.2: Bond breaking and bond forming
    6.1.3: Energy level diagrams
    6.1.4: Energy level diagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions
    6.1.5: The energy of a reaction
    6.2: Energy transfer
    6.2.1: The release of heat energy by burning fuels
    6.2.2: The use of hydrogen as a fuel
    6.2.3: The use of hydrogen as a fuel in a fuel cell
    6.2.4: Radioactive isotopes as a source of energy
  • 7: Chemical reactions
    7.1: Physical and chemical changes
    7.1.1: Physical and chemical changes
    7.2: Rate (speed) of reaction
    7.2.1: Effects on the rate of reactions
    7.2.2: Effect of a given variable on the rate of a reaction
    7.2.3: Explosive combustion with fine powders and gases
    7.2.4: The rate of a reaction involving gas evolution
    7.2.5: The effects of temperature and concentration
    7.2.6: Rate of reaction obtained from experiments
    7.2.7: The role of light in photochemical reactions
    7.2.8: The use of silver salts in photography
    7.3: Reversible reactions
    7.3.1: Some chemical reactions can be reversed by changing the reaction conditions
    7.3.2: The effect of changing the conditions on other reversible reactions
    7.3.3: The concept of equilibrium
    7.4: Redox
    7.4.1: Oxidation and reduction
    7.4.2: Redox
    7.4.3: Redox reactions
    7.4.4: Oxidising agent and reducing agent
    7.4.5: Oxidising agents and reducing agents in simple equations
  • 8: Acids, bases and salts
    8.1: The characteristic properties of acids and bases
    8.1.1: The characteristic properties of acids
    8.1.2: Acids and bases
    8.1.3: Properties of bases
    8.1.4: Weak and strong acids and bases
    8.1.5: Neutrality and relative acidity and alkalinity
    8.1.6: The importance of controlling acidity in soil
    8.2: Types of oxides
    8.2.1: Classification of oxides
    8.2.2: Neutral or amphoteric oxides
    8.3: Preparation of salts
    8.3.1: Preparation, separation and purification of salts
    8.3.2: The preparation of insoluble salts
    8.3.3: Making a given salt from a suitable starting material
    8.4: Identification of ions and gases
    8.4.1: Identification tests
  • 9: The Periodic Table
    9.1: The Periodic Table
    9.1.1: The Periodic Table description
    9.2: Periodic trends
    9.2.1: The change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period
    9.2.2: Metallic and non-metallic character
    9.3: Group properties
    9.3.1: Lithium, sodium and potassium
    9.3.2: Trends in Groups
    9.3.3: The properties of other elements in Group I
    9.3.4: Halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine
    9.3.5: Other elements in Group VII
    9.4: Transition elements
    9.4.1: The transition elements
    9.4.2: Transition elements have variable oxidation states
    9.5: Noble gases
    9.5.1: The noble gases in Group VIII or 0
  • 10: Metals
    10.1: Properties of metals
    10.1.1: General physical properties of metals
    10.1.2: General chemical properties of metals
    10.1.3: Alloys are used instead of pure metals
    10.1.4: Representations of alloys
    10.2: Reactivity series
    10.2.1: Order of reactivity
    10.2.2: The reactivity series
    10.2.3: The action of heat on the hydroxides, carbonates and nitrates
    10.2.4: The apparent unreactivity of aluminium
    10.2.5: Order of reactivity from experimental results
    10.3: Extraction of metals
    10.3.1: The ease in obtaining metals from their ores
    10.3.2: The extraction of zinc from zinc blende
    10.3.3: The essential reactions in the extraction of iron from hematite
    10.3.4: Aluminium is extracted from the ore bauxite by electrolysis
    10.3.5: The advantages and disadvantages of recycling metals
    10.3.6: The extraction of aluminium from bauxite
    10.4: Uses of metals
    10.4.1: The uses of aluminium
    10.4.2: The uses of zinc
    10.4.3: The uses of copper
    10.4.4: The uses of mild steel
    10.4.5: Changing the properties of iron
  • 11: Air and water
    11.1: Water
    11.1.1: Chemical tests for water
    11.1.2: The implications of an inadequate supply of water
    11.1.3: The treatment of the water supply
    11.1.4: The uses of water in industry and in the home
    11.2: Air
    11.2.1: The composition of clean, dry air
    11.2.2: The separation of oxygen and nitrogen from liquid air
    11.2.3: The common pollutants in the air
    11.2.4: The source of each of the air pollutants
    11.2.5: The presence of oxides of nitrogen in car engines and their catalytic removal
    11.2.6: The adverse effect of common pollutants
    11.2.7: The conditions required for the rusting of iron
    11.2.8: Methods of rust prevention
    11.2.9: Sacrificial protection
    11.3: Nitrogen and fertilisers
    11.3.1: Nitrogen-, phosphorus- and potassium-containing fertilisers
    11.3.2: The essential conditions for the manufacture of ammonia
    11.3.3: The displacement of ammonia from its salts
    11.4: Carbon dioxide and methane
    11.4.1: Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases
    11.4.2: The formation of carbon dioxide
    11.4.3: The carbon cycle
    11.4.4: The sources of methane
  • 12: Sulfur
    12.1: Sulfur
    12.1.1: Sources of sulfur
    12.1.2: The manufacture of sulfuric acid
    12.1.3: The use of sulfur in the manufacture of sulfuric acid
    12.1.4: The uses of sulfur dioxide
    12.1.5: The properties and uses of dilute and concentrated sulfuric acid
  • 13: Carbonates
    13.1: Carbonates
    13.1.1: The manufacture of lime (calcium oxide) from calcium carbonate (limestone)
    13.1.2: Uses of lime and slaked lime
    13.1.3: The uses of calcium carbonate in the manufacture of iron and cement
  • 14: Organic chemistry
    14.1: Names of compounds
    14.1.1: The structures of methane, ethane, ethene, ethanol, ethanoic acid
    14.1.2: Structures of alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and four carbon-containing acids
    14.1.3: The type of compound
    14.1.4: The structural formulae of the esters
    14.2: Fuels
    14.2.1: Fuels name
    14.2.2: Methane
    14.2.3: Petroleum
    14.2.4: The properties of molecules within a fraction
    14.2.5: The uses of the fractions
    14.3: Homologous series
    14.3.1: The concept of homologous series
    14.3.2: The general characteristics of a homologous series
    14.3.3: Compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula
    14.3.4: Structural isomerism
    14.4: Alkanes
    14.4.1: The properties of alkanes
    14.4.2: Substitution reactions of alkanes with chlorine
    14.4.3: The bonding in alkanes
    14.5: Alkenes
    14.5.1: The manufacture of alkenes and of hydrogen by cracking
    14.5.2: The properties of alkenes
    14.5.3: Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
    14.5.4: The formation of poly(ethene)
    14.6: Alcohols
    14.6.1: The manufacture of ethanol
    14.6.2: The advantages and disadvantages of two methods of manufacturing ethanol
    14.6.3: The properties of ethanol in terms of burning
    14.6.4: The uses of ethanol as a solvent and as a fuel
    14.7: Carboxylic acids
    14.7.1: The properties of aqueous ethanoic acid
    14.7.2: The formation of ethanoic acid
    14.7.3: Ethanoic acid
    14.7.4: The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to give an ester
    14.8: Polymers
    14.8.1: Polymers definition
    14.8.2: Different polymers have different units and/or different linkages
    14.9: Synthetic polymers
    14.9.1: Typical uses of plastics and of man-made fibres
    14.9.2: The differences between condensation and addition polymerisation
    14.9.3: The pollution problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics
    14.9.4: The structure of the polymer
    14.9.5: The formation and structure of nylon and Terylene
    14.10: Natural polymers
    14.10.1: Proteins and carbohydrates
    14.10.2: Proteins
    14.10.3: The structure of proteins
    14.10.4: The hydrolysis of proteins to amino acids
    14.10.5: Complex carbohydrates
    14.10.6: The hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates
    14.10.7: The fermentation of simple sugars to produce ethanol
    14.10.8: The usefulness of chromatography

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