British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Oxford AQA - Physics - 9203

  • Overview
  • Chapters

Physics 9203 is the basic course of physics. This course is a pre-requisite for the Physics 9630. The content provides an excellent grounding for further study. This specification contains a broad range of topics that are designed to engage students whilst providing the knowledge and understanding required for progression to Level 3 qualifications.

  • 1: FORCES AND THEIR EFFECTS
    1.1: FORCES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS
    1.1.1: Objects interact by non-contact (field) forces
    1.1.2: Friction is a force between two surfaces
    1.1.3: Pairs of objects interact to produce a force on each other
    1.1.4: Scalars are quantities that have magnitude only
    1.1.5: Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity
    1.1.6: Change in the shape of the object
    1.1.7: A force applied to an elastic object
    1.1.8: The extension is directly proportional to the force applied
    1.2: MOTION
    1.2.1: Distance–time graph
    1.2.2: The speed of the object
    1.2.3: The velocity, v, of an object is its speed in a given direction
    1.2.4: The average speed of objects undergoing non-uniform motion
    1.3: RESULTANT FORCES
    1.3.1: The forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
    1.3.2: A number of forces acting on an object
    1.3.3: A non-zero resultant force acting on an object causes it to accelerate
    1.3.4: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
    1.3.5: The distance travelled by an object
    1.3.6: If the resultant force acting on an object is zero
    1.3.7: If the resultant force on an object is not zero
    1.4: MOMENTUM
    1.4.1: All moving objects have momentum.
    1.4.2: Conservation of momentum
    1.4.3: The force equals the rate of change of momentum
    1.5: SAFETY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
    1.5.1: The resistive forces are balancing the driving force
    1.5.2: The greater the speed of a vehicle
    1.5.3: The stopping distance of a vehicle
    1.5.4: When the brakes of a vehicle are applied
    1.5.5: A vehicle’s braking distance
    1.6: FORCES AND TERMINAL VELOCITY
    1.6.1: An object moving through a fluid experiences friction
    1.6.2: An object falling through a fluid will initially accelerate
    1.6.3: Parachutes are designed to increase the drag force on a parachutist
    1.6.4: Streamlining reduces the drag force on an object
    1.7: CENTRE OF MASS
    1.7.1: The centre of mass of an object
    1.7.2: If freely suspended
    1.7.3: The centre of mass of a symmetrical object is along the axis of symmetry
    1.8: MOMENTS AND LEVERS
    1.8.1: The turning effect of a force is called the moment
    1.8.2: If an object is not turning
    1.8.3: If the line of action of the weight of an object lies outside its base
    1.8.4: Simple levers can be used as force multipliers
  • 2: ENERGY
    2.1: FORCES AND ENERGY
    2.1.1: Work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance
    2.1.2: Energy is transferred when work is done
    2.1.3: The amount of elastic potential energy
    2.1.4: An object gains gravitational potential energy
    2.1.5: The kinetic energy of a moving object
    2.1.6: Power is the rate at which energy is transferred
    2.2: ENERGY TRANSFERS, CONSERVATION AND DISSIPATION OF ENERGY
    2.2.1: When a system changes, energy is transferred
    2.2.2: A simple pendulum is an example of oscillating motion
    2.2.3: Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated
    2.2.4: When energy is transferred only part of it may be usefully transferred
    2.2.5: Friction and air resistance
    2.2.6: The efficiency of a device
    2.2.7: The energy flow in a system can be represented using Sankey diagrams
    2.3: ENERGY RESOURCES
    2.3.1: Fuels are a useful store of energy
    2.3.2: Some energy is transferred to the surroundings
    2.3.3: There is a range of energy sources
    2.3.4: Provide energy in a renewable way
  • 3: WAVES
    3.1: GENERAL PROPERTIES OF WAVES
    3.1.1: A wave is a disturbance caused by an oscillating source
    3.1.2: Transverse waves
    3.1.3: Longitudinal waves
    3.1.4: Electromagnetic waves
    3.1.5: Waves can be reflected, transmitted or absorbed
    3.1.6: Waves can undergo refraction
    3.1.7: Wave motion
    3.1.8: wave speed, v, frequency, f, and wavelength
    3.2: THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
    3.2.1: Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves
    3.2.2: Electromagnetic waves form a continuous spectrum
    3.2.3: Visible light is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    3.2.4: All objects emit and absorb infrared radiation
    3.2.5: As an object heats up it radiates more
    3.2.6: Black-body radiation
    3.2.7: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared and visible light
    3.2.8: Electromagnetic waves have many practical applications
    3.2.9: Excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves can be hazardous
    3.2.10: X-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    3.2.11: Properties of X-rays
    3.2.12: X-rays can be used to diagnose some medical conditions
    3.2.13: The use of high energy ionising radiation can be dangerous
    3.3: SOUND AND ULTRASOUND
    3.3.1: Sound waves are longitudinal waves
    3.3.2: The pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of vibrations of the source
    3.3.3: Sound waves can be reflected (echoes) and diffracted
    3.3.4: Ultrasound is acoustic (sound) energy
    3.3.5: Electronic systems can be used to produce ultrasound waves
    3.3.6: Ultrasound waves are partially reflected
    3.3.7: The distance between interfaces
    3.3.8: Ultrasound waves can be used in medicine
    3.4: REFLECTION
    3.4.1: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
    3.4.2: The normal is a construction line perpendicular to the reflecting surface
    3.4.3: The image produced in a plane mirror is virtual, upright and laterally inverted
    3.5: REFRACTION AND TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
    3.5.1: The velocity of waves is affected by the medium they are travelling through
    3.5.2: Light waves are refracted at an interface
    3.5.3: Refractive index
    3.5.4: refractive index, angle of incidence, and angle of refraction
    3.5.5: The relationship between refractive index and critical angle
    3.5.6: Total internal reflection is a special case of refraction
    3.5.7: Visible light and infra red can be transmitted through optical fibres
    3.6: LENSES AND THE EYE
    3.6.1: A lens forms an image by refracting light
    3.6.2: Parallel rays of light are brought to a focus at the principal focus
    3.6.3: In a concave (diverging) lens
    3.6.4: The focal length
    3.6.5: The nature of an image
    3.6.6: Ray diagrams
    3.6.7: The magnification produced by a lens
    3.6.8: Our eyes only detect visible light, a limited range of electromagnetic waves
    3.6.9: The range of vision
    3.6.10: Lenses can be used to correct defects of vision
    3.6.11: Lasers are concentrated sources of light
    3.6.12: Comparisons can be made between the structure of the eye and the camera
  • 4: PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER
    4.1: KINETIC THEORY
    4.1.1: Kinetic theory can be used to explain the different states of matter
    4.1.2: The specific heat capacity of a substance
    4.1.3: The specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance
    4.1.4: The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance
    4.1.5: The melting point of a solid and the boiling point of a liquid
    4.2: ENERGY TRANSFERS AND PARTICLE MOTION
    4.2.1: Energy may be transferred by conduction and convection
    4.2.2: Energy may be transferred by evaporation and condensation
    4.2.3: The rate at which an object transfers energy by heating
    4.2.4: The bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings
    4.2.5: Most substances expand when heated
  • 5: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
    5.1: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
    5.1.1: Electrical charges can move easily through some substances
    5.1.2: There may be an imbalance of charge in an object or area; static electricity
    5.1.3: Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge
    5.1.4: The voltage of a source
    5.1.5: Potential difference across a component
    5.1.6: Potential difference, V, energy transferred, E, and charge, Q
    5.1.7: Circuit diagrams use standard symbols
    5.1.8: Components resist the flow of charge through them
    5.1.9: The current through a resistor
    5.1.10: The resistance of components is not constant
    5.1.11: The resistance of a thermistor decreases as the temperature increases
    5.1.12: The resistance of an LDR decreases as light intensity increases
    5.1.13: The resistance of a filament lamp
    5.1.14: The ‘forward’ resistance
    5.1.15: An LED emits light when a current flows through it in the forward direction
    5.1.16: The combined voltage
    5.1.17: There are two ways of joining electrical components
    5.1.18: Components connected in series
    5.1.19: For components connected in parallel
    5.1.20: When an electrical charge flows through a resistor
    5.2: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
    5.2.1: Magnetic forces are strongest at the poles of a magnet
    5.2.2: The space around a magnet
    5.2.3: An induced magnet
    5.2.4: The earth has a magnetic field
    5.2.5: A magnetic field is produced when an electric current flows through a wire
    5.2.6: Shaping a wire to form a solenoid
    5.2.7: The magnetic field around a solenoid
  • 6: GENERATING AND DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY AND HOUSEHOLD USE
    6.1: GENERATING ELECTRICITY
    6.1.1: A potential difference (pd) is induced across the ends of a conductor
    6.1.2: A potential difference
    6.1.3: If the conductor is part of a complete circuit
    6.1.4: If the direction of motion, or the polarity of the magnet, is reversed
    6.1.5: The size of the induced potential difference increases
    6.1.6: Power stations
    6.2: ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
    6.2.1: Electricity is distributed from power stations
    6.2.2: A high distribution voltage reduces the current flowing
    6.2.3: Step-up and step-down transformers
    6.2.4: The potential differences across the primary and secondary coils
    6.2.5: The electrical power output would equal the electrical power input
    6.2.6: Switch mode transformers are transformers
    6.3: USING ELECTRICITY IN THE HOME
    6.3.1: Cells and batteries supply current
    6.3.2: An alternating current (ac) is one that is repeatedly changing direction
    6.3.3: Mains electricity is an ac supply
    6.3.4: There are a number of safety features
    6.3.5: If an electrical fault causes too great a current to flow
    6.3.6: Appliances with metal cases are usually earthed
    6.4: THE MOTOR EFFECT
    6.4.1: A current carrying conductor
    6.4.2: The size of the force
    6.4.3: The power transfer
    6.4.4: The relationship between energy transferred, potential difference, and charge, Q
    6.4.5: The amount of energy an appliance transfers
    6.4.6: The relationship between energy transferred, from the mains, power, and time
  • 7: NUCLEAR PHYSICS
    7.1: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
    7.1.1: Atoms are very small
    7.1.2: The scattering of alpha particles by thin metal foil
    7.1.3: The relative masses and electric charges of protons, neutrons and electrons
    7.1.4: The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus
    7.1.5: In each atom its electrons are arranged at various distances from the nucleus
    7.1.6: The atoms of a particular element
    7.2: IONIZING RADIATION FROM THE NUCLEUS
    7.2.1: Some atomic nuclei are unstable
    7.2.2: Energy is emitted by changes in the nucleus.
    7.2.3: Unstable nuclei emit alpha particles, beta particles, or neutrons
    7.2.4: Background radiation is around us all of the time
    7.2.5: An alpha particle consists of two neutrons and two protons
    7.2.6: Nuclear equations are used to represent radioactive decay
    7.2.7: Properties of the alpha, beta and gamma radiations
    7.2.8: Radioactive decay is random
    7.2.9: Radioactive contamination is the unwanted presence of radioactive atoms
    7.2.10: Radioactive isotopes have a very wide range of half-life values
    7.3: NUCLEAR FISSION
    7.3.1: Nuclear fission
    7.3.2: There are two fissionable substances in common use in nuclear reactors
    7.3.3: For fission to occur
    7.3.4: A chain reaction occurs
    7.3.5: Nuclear reactions produce waste
    7.4: NUCLEAR FUSION
    7.4.1: Nuclear fusion is the joining of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
    7.4.2: Some of the mass of the smaller nuclei is converted into energy
    7.4.3: The force of repulsion
    7.4.4: Nuclear fusion is the process by which energy is released in stars
  • 8: SPACE PHYSICS
    8.1: LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
    8.1.1: Stars formation
    8.1.2: During the ‘main sequence’ period of its life cycle
    8.1.3: The core (centre) of a star
    8.1.4: The more massive a star
    8.1.5: Stars change over time
    8.1.6: A main sequence star uses nuclear reactions to produce light and heat
    8.1.7: A larger star will swell to become a red supergiant
    8.1.8: A smaller star, follows a different sequence, expanding to become a red giant
    8.1.9: Fusion processes in stars are the source of energy
    8.1.10: Protostar
    8.2: SOLAR SYSTEM AND ORBITAL MOTION
    8.2.1: The Earth is one of eight planets orbiting the Sun
    8.2.2: Our universe
    8.2.3: Planets orbit the Sun and a moon is a natural satellite of a planet
    8.2.4: Gravity provides the centripetal force
    8.2.5: The force of gravity acts towards the centre of the orbit
    8.2.6: The centripetal force
    8.2.7: At a particular separation of the masses
    8.3: RED SHIFT AND THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
    8.3.1: If a wave source is moving relative to an observer
    8.3.2: Observed increase in the wavelength of light from most distant galaxies
    8.3.3: Cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR)
    8.3.4: Scientists believe that the universe began with a ‘big bang’

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