British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Cambridge - History B - 0470

  • Overview
  • Chapters

Option B The twentieth century: international relations since 1919


  • stimulate an interest in and enthusiasm for learning about the past
  • promote the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of individuals, people and societies in the past
  • ensure that learners’ knowledge is rooted in an understanding of the nature and use of historical evidence
  • promote an understanding of key historical concepts: cause and consequence, change and continuity, and similarity and difference
  • provide a sound basis for further study and the pursuit of personal interest
  • encourage international understanding
  • encourage the development of historical skills, including investigation, analysis, evaluation and communication skills.


  • 1: The peace treaties of 1919–23
    1.1: The peace treaties of 1919–23
    1.1.1: The motives and aims of the Big Three at Versailles
    1.1.2: Reasons why all the victors didn't get everything they wanted
    1.1.3: The impact of the peace treaty on Germany up to 1923
    1.1.4: The Justification of the treaties at the time
    1.1.5: The peace treaties of 1919–23
  • 2: Extent of nations' league success
    2.1: Extent of nations' league success
    2.1.1: How successful was the League in the 1920s
    2.1.2: The effect of weaknesses in the League’s organisation
    2.1.3: The effect of Depression on the work of the League
    2.1.4: The success of the League in the 1930s
    2.1.5: The League of Nations
  • 3: Reasons why international peace collapsed by 1939
    3.1: Reasons why international peace collapsed by 1939
    3.1.1: The long-term consequences of the peace treaties of 1919–23
    3.1.2: The consequences of the failures of the League in the 1930s
    3.1.3: Hitler’s foreign policy and the outbreak of war in 1939
    3.1.4: The justification of the policy of appeasement
    3.1.5: The importance of the Nazi–Soviet Pact
    3.1.6: Reasons why Britain and France declared war on Germany in September 1939
    3.1.7: The collapse of international order in the 1930s
    3.1.8: The increasing militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan
    3.1.9: Hitler’s foreign policy to 1939
  • 4: Reasons that ignited the Cold war
    4.1: Reasons that ignited the Cold war
    4.1.1: Reason why the US–Soviet alliance began to break down in 1945
    4.1.2: How the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948
    4.1.3: United states' reaction to Soviet expansionism
    4.1.4: The consequences of the Berlin Blockade
    4.1.5: Who of the U.S or the USSR was the more to blame for starting the Cold War.
    4.1.6: The origins of the Cold War
  • 5: The United States contain the spread of communism
    5.1: The United States contain the spread of communism
    5.1.1: The United States and events in Korea, 1950–53
    5.1.2: The United States and events in Cuba, 1959–62
    5.1.3: American involvement in Vietnam
    5.1.4: Events of the Cold War
    5.1.5: Case studies of American reactions
  • 6: The USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989
    6.1: The USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989
    6.1.1: Reasons why there was opposition to Soviet control, and the USSR reaction
    6.1.2: The similarity in events in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968
    6.1.3: The Berlin Wall in 1961
    6.1.4: ‘Solidarity’ in Poland for the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe
    6.1.5: Gorbachev and the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe
    6.1.6: Soviet power in Eastern Europe
  • 7: The importance of the events in the Gulf c.1970–2000
    7.1: The importance of the events in the Gulf c.1970–2000
    7.1.1: Saddam Hussein's ability to come to power in Iraq
    7.1.2: The nature of Saddam Hussein’s rule in Iraq
    7.1.3: Causes of the revolution in Iran in 1979
    7.1.4: The causes and consequences of the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88
    7.1.5: Reasons for the First Gulf War
    7.1.6: The rise to power of Saddam Hussein in Iraq
    7.1.7: The rule of Saddam Hussein up to 2000, and the consequences of his rule in Iraq
    7.1.8: The nature of the Shah’s rule in Iran and the Iranian Revolution of 1979
    7.1.9: The causes & consequences of the Iran–Iraq War, Western involvement in the war
    7.1.10: The causes, course and consequences of the Gulf War, 1990–91
  • 8: Depth Study A
    8.1: Reasons why the war was not over by December 1914
    8.1.1: The Schlieffen Plan
    8.1.2: The importance of Belgium’s reaction to the Schlieffen Plan
    8.1.3: The success of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
    8.1.4: Reasons why both sides introduced trenches
    8.2: Reasons of the stalemate on the Western Front
    8.2.1: Reasons why the war become bogged down in the trenches
    8.2.2: The Living and fighting in the trenches
    8.2.3: The importance of new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas
    8.2.4: The significance of the Battles of Verdun and the Somme
    8.3: The importance of other fronts
    8.3.1: The party who won the war at sea
    8.3.2: Reasons why the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 failed
    8.3.3: Reasons why Russia left the war in 1918
    8.3.4: The impact of war on civilian populations
    8.4: Germany's request for an armistice in 1918
    8.4.1: The importance of America’s entry into the war
    8.4.2: Reasons why the German offensive of 1918 was unsuccessful
    8.4.3: Reasons why revolution broke out in Germany in October 1918
    8.4.4: Reasons why the armistice was signed
    8.5: Specified Content
    8.5.1: The Schlieffen Plan in operation
    8.5.2: The Battles of Mons, the Marne and Ypres
    8.5.3: The main battles of the war including the Somme and Verdun
    8.5.4: The war at sea
    8.5.5: The reasons for, and results of, the Gallipoli campaign
    8.5.6: The impact of war and civilian populations
    8.5.7: Events on the Eastern Front and the defeat of Russia
    8.5.8: The German offensive and the Allied advance
    8.5.9: Conditions in Germany towards the end of the war
    8.5.10: The armistice
  • 9: Depth Study B
    9.1: The time the Weimar Republic was doomed
    9.1.1: How Germany emerged from defeat at the end of the First World War
    9.1.2: The impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic
    9.1.3: The Republic recovery after 1923
    9.1.4: The achievements of the Weimar period
    9.2: Reasons why Hitler was able to dominate Germany by 1934
    9.2.1: The Nazi Party attitude in the 1920s
    9.2.2: Reasons why the Nazis had little success before 1930
    9.2.3: Reasons why Hitler was able to become Chancellor by 1933
    9.2.4: Hitler's role in consolidating his power in 1933–34
    9.3: The Nazi regime
    9.3.1: The effectiveness of the Nazis in controlling Germany, 1933-1945
    9.3.2: Opposition against Nazi regime
    9.3.3: Nazi and its political opponents.
    9.3.4: Nazi's attempt to control over people via media and culture
    9.3.5: Reasons for groups' persecution in German society.
    9.3.6: Totalitarianism of Nazi Germany
    9.3.7: Living in Nazi Germany
    9.3.8: The reaction of young people to the Nazi regime
    9.3.9: The success of Nazi policies towards women and the family
    9.3.10: The benefits from Nazi rule to people in Germany
    9.3.11: Changes in life in Nazi Germany with the advent of war
    9.4: Specified Content
    9.4.1: The Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic
    9.4.2: The Versailles Settlement and German reactions to it
    9.4.3: The Weimar Constitution, the main political divisions, the role of the army
    9.4.4: Political disorder, 1919–23
    9.4.5: The Stresemann era
    9.4.6: Cultural achievements of the Weimar period
    9.4.7: The early years of the Nazi Party
    9.4.8: The impact of the Depression on Germany
    9.4.9: Nazi rule in Germany
    9.4.10: Economic policy including re-armament
    9.4.11: Different experiences of Nazi rule
    9.4.12: Impact of the Second World War on Germany
  • 10: Depth Study C
    10.1: Reasons why the Tsarist regime collapsed in 1917
    10.1.1: The Tsarist regime and dealing with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914
    10.1.2: The survival of the Tsar in the 1905 Revolution
    10.1.3: The effect of the First World War on the Tsar
    10.1.4: Reasons Why the revolution of March 1917 was successful
    10.2: The power of the Bolsheviks, and the consolidation of their rule
    10.2.1: The effectiveness of the Provisional Government rule in Russia in 1917
    10.2.2: The Bolsheviks ablility to seize power in November 1917
    10.2.3: Reasons why the Bolsheviks won the Civil War
    10.2.4: The success of the New Economic Policy
    10.3: How Stalin gained and held on power
    10.3.1: Reasons why Stalin, and not Trotsky, emerged as Lenin’s successor
    10.3.2: Reasons why Stalin launched the Purges
    10.3.3: The methods which Stalin used to control the Soviet Union
    10.3.4: Stalin’s control over the Soviet Union by 1941
    10.4: The impact of Stalin’s economic policies
    10.4.1: Reasons why Stalin introduced the Five-Year Plans
    10.4.2: Reasons why Stalin introduced collectivisation
    10.4.3: The success of Stalin's economic changes
    10.4.4: The effect of these changes on the Soviet people
    10.5: Specified Content
    10.5.1: The main features of Tsarist rule and Russian society before the First World War
    10.5.2: The First World War and its impact on the Russian people
    10.5.3: The March Revolution of 1917
    10.5.4: The Provisional Government and the Soviets
    10.5.5: Reasons for the failure of the Provisional Government
    10.5.6: The Bolshevik seizure of power, the role of Lenin
    10.5.7: The main features of Bolshevik rule, the Civil War and War Communism
    10.5.8: The Kronstadt Rising and the establishment of the New Economic Policy
    10.5.9: Lenin’s death and the struggle for power
    10.5.10: Reasons for Stalin’s emergence as leader by 1928
    10.5.11: Stalin’s dictatorship
    10.5.12: Stalin’s economic policies and their impact
    10.5.13: Life in the Soviet Union
  • 11: Depth Study D
    11.1: The boom of US economy in the 1920s
    11.1.1: The factors which the economic boom was based
    11.1.2: The reasons for the prosperity of some industries while others did not
    11.1.3: Reasons why agriculture did not share in the prosperity
    11.1.4: The benefit from the boom to the Americans
    11.2: Changing in American society in the 1920s
    11.2.1: The Roaring Twenties
    11.2.2: The spread of intolerance in American society
    11.2.3: Reasons why Prohibition was introduced, and then later repealed
    11.2.4: The change in women's roles during the 1920s
    11.3: The causes and consequences of the Wall Street Crash
    11.3.1: Responsibility of speculation for the Wall Street Crash
    11.3.2: The impact of the Crash on the economy
    11.3.3: The social consequences of the Crash
    11.3.4: Reasons why Roosevelt won the election of 1932
    11.4: The New Deal
    11.4.1: The New Deal in 1933
    11.4.2: The changes in the character of the New Deal after 1933
    11.4.3: Opposition to the New Deal
    11.4.4: Reasons why the unemployment persist despite the New Deal
    11.4.5: The New Deal and the failure to solve unemployment
    11.5: Specified Content
    11.5.1: The expansion of the US economy during the 1920s
    11.5.2: Weaknesses in the economy by the late 1920s
    11.5.3: Society in the 1920s
    11.5.4: The Wall Street Crash and its financial, economic and social effects
    11.5.5: The reaction of President Hoover to the Crash
    11.5.6: The presidential election of 1932; Hoover’s and Roosevelt’s programmes
    11.5.7: Roosevelt’s inauguration and the ‘Hundred Days’
    11.5.8: The New Deal legislation, the ‘alphabet agencies’ and their work
    11.5.9: The New Deal opposition
    11.5.10: The strengths and weaknesses of the New Deal programme
  • 12: Depth Study E
    12.1: Reasons why China became a Communist State in 1949
    12.1.1: Reasons for the Communists' Long March in 1934
    12.1.2: The importance of the Communist settlement at Yenan
    12.1.3: The impact of the Second World War on the Nationalist government
    12.1.4: Reasons why there was a civil war and why the Communists won it
    12.2: The influence of communist rule on China by the mid-1960s
    12.2.1: The changes in agriculture which Communist rule brought
    12.2.2: The impact of the Communists’ social reforms
    12.2.3: The success of the Five-Year Plans in increasing production
    12.2.4: The benefits from communist rule to the Chinese people
    12.3: The impact of Communist rule on China’s relations with other countries/regions
    12.3.1: China’s changing relationships with neighbouring states
    12.3.2: Reasons why China tried to improve relations with the USA after 1970
    12.3.3: The establishment of China as a superpower at the time of Mao's death
    12.3.4: China's relations with other powers have improved since Mao's death
    12.4: The changes in China by Communist rule by c.1990
    12.4.1: Reasons Why Mao launched the Cultural Revolution
    12.4.2: The impact of the Cultural Revolution in China
    12.4.3: The death of Mao and the issue of leadership
    12.4.4: The economic development of the 1980s and the social and political change
    12.5: Specified Content
    12.5.1: Kuomintang and Communist conflict
    12.5.2: The nature of Chinese Communism
    12.5.3: Communist rule in the 1950s and 1960s
    12.5.4: Industrial developments
    12.5.5: Social change
    12.5.6: China’s relations with other countries/regions
    12.5.7: Closer relations with the USA from 1970
    12.5.8: Hong Kong
    12.5.9: Impact of China’s relations on its economic liberalisation
    12.5.10: The Communist Party dictatorship
  • 13: Depth Study F
    13.1: The foundations of the apartheid state
    13.1.1: The establishment of segregation in 1940
    13.1.2: Impact of government policies on the non-white population by 1940
    13.1.3: The success of the economic development of South Africa by 1945
    13.1.4: Reasons why the National Party won the election of 1948
    13.2: The success of apartheid between 1948 and 1966
    13.2.1: The main features of the apartheid system after 1948
    13.2.2: The consequences of the apartheid for the people of South Africa
    13.2.3: The development of opposition to apartheid between 1948 and 1964
    13.2.4: The effects of the government’s response to opposition by 1966
    13.3: The extent of South Africa's change between 1966 and 1980
    13.3.1: The significant of the National Party governments policies from 1966 to 1980
    13.3.2: The extent of the black opposition change in this period
    13.3.3: Improvement in lives by the economic factors in 1980
    13.3.4: The impact of external opposition to apartheid
    13.4: Rasons why white minority rule came to an end
    13.4.1: The effects of the policies of P W Botha
    13.4.2: The significance of individual leaders in the collapse of apartheid
    13.4.3: Reasons why violence increased between 1980 and the early 1990s
    13.4.4: The smooth transition of power between 1989 and 1994
    13.5: Specified Content
    13.5.1: Existing policies and social, economic and political effects
    13.5.2: Developments in mining, manufacturing and agriculture; state involvement
    13.5.3: Impact of the Second World War on South Africa
    13.5.4: British and Afrikaner regional differences and the 1948 election
    13.5.5: Legislation and methods of enforcement after 1948
    13.5.6: Effects on employment, families, location, education, coloureds
    13.5.7: Response of white population
    13.5.8: Development and effects in South Africa
    13.5.9: International effects; 1961 South African Republic
    13.5.10: Changes in methods of suppression and effects from 1966
    13.5.11: Divisions in ANC and PAC in exile; significance of Black Consciousness
    13.5.12: Differing effects of economic developments
    13.5.13: Organisation for African Unity and bases; UN sanctions; government response
    13.5.14: 'Total strategy’ and reforms; social and political effects
    13.5.15: The role of President de Klerk, ANC leaders ,Desmond Tutu & Chief Buthelezi
    13.5.16: School boycotts and township unrest
    13.5.17: White extremism
    13.5.18: Economic and international factors
    13.5.19: Power-sharing aims and responses
    13.5.20: 1994 general election
  • 14: Depth Study G
    14.1: The establishment of the Jewish state of Israel
    14.1.1: The significance for Palestine of the end of the Second World War
    14.1.2: The causes of conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine
    14.1.3: Reasons why the Arabs rejected United Nations plans to partition Palestine
    14.1.4: Reasons why Israel was able to win the war of 1948–49
    14.2: Israel's survival despite its Arab neighbours hostility
    14.2.1: Reasons behind Israel winning wars 1356, 1967, 1973
    14.2.2: Significance of superpower involvement in Arab-Israeli conflicts
    14.2.3: Impact of oil on the nature of Arab-Israeli conflicts
    14.2.4: Problems status between Israel and its neighbours by 1990s
    14.3: The impact of the Palestinian refugees issue
    14.3.1: The reasons of increased numbers of Palestinian refugees
    14.3.2: PLO effect in promoting the Palestinian cause
    14.3.3: Reasons why Arab states did not always support the Palestinian cause
    14.3.4: Changes of international perception of the Palestinian cause over time
    14.4: Impossibility resolving Arab-Israeli issues proven
    14.4.1: Reasons that prevented United nations from securing a lasting peace
    14.4.2: International diplomatic negotiations and its improvement on Arab states
    14.4.3: Effects of divisions within Israel on peace process
    14.4.4: Effects of rivalries among Palestinian on settlement process
    14.5: Specified Content
    14.5.1: The Arab and Jewish peoples of Palestine
    14.5.2: The aftermath of the Second World War
    14.5.3: Israel and its Arab neighbours
    14.5.4: The Palestinians to c.1992
    14.5.5: Moves towards peace
    14.5.6: Divisions that restricted progress towards peace
    14.5.7: Rivalries among Palestinians

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