British (UK)

The National Curriculum of England (UK) is a very structured curriculum that is designed to meet the needs of all students, stretching brighter children and supporting those who need it through differentiated teaching and learning activities. The curriculum extends and excites all students, whatever their interests or ability. Through it, teachers are able to identify, celebrate and nurture the talents and intelligences of students.

British education is renowned for concerning itself with the development of the whole personality.

In the British education system, students are taught to learn by questioning, problem-solving and creative thinking rather than by the mere retention of facts, hence giving them analytical and creative thinking skills that they will need in the working world. A variety of teaching and assessment methods designed to develop independent thought as well as a mastery of the subject matter is used.

The National Curriculum of England has a clearly defined series of academic and other objectives at every level. mydrasa focuses on Key stage 3 (Year 7-9), Key stage 4 IGCSE/GCSE (Year 10-11) and Key stage 5 A-Level (Year 12-13).

mydrasa added subjects related to Key stage 4 to Year 9, and added subjects related to Key stage 5 to Year 11 for student preparation.

IGCSE stands for the "International General Certificate of Secondary Education". It is a program leading to externally set, marked and certificated examinations from the University of Cambridge. Any student who takes an IGCSE subject will be gaining a qualification that is recognized globally.

The exam boards covered under the International GCSE are Cambridge, Edexcel, and Oxford AQA.

SUbjects

Subjects

Cambridge - History A - 0470

  • Overview
  • Chapters

Option A The nineteenth century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914


  • stimulate an interest in and enthusiasm for learning about the past
  • promote the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of individuals, people and societies in the past
  • ensure that learners’ knowledge is rooted in an understanding of the nature and use of historical evidence
  • promote an understanding of key historical concepts: cause and consequence, change and continuity, and similarity and difference
  • provide a sound basis for further study and the pursuit of personal interest
  • encourage international understanding
  • encourage the development of historical skills, including investigation, analysis, evaluation and communication skills.
  • 1: The nineteenth century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914
    1.1: The Revolutions of 1848
    1.1.1: The reason for the existence of many revolutions in 1848
    1.1.2: Things in common between the revolutions
    1.1.3: Revolutions failure reasons
    1.1.4: Revolutions consequences
    1.1.5: The nature of revolutions in 1848, & the influence of liberalism and nationalism
    1.1.6: Causes and events of revolutions in France, Italy, Germany & the Austrian Empire
    1.1.7: Reasons for the failure of the revolutions
  • 2: The unification of Italy
    2.1: The unification of Italy
    2.1.1: Reasons for not unifying Italy in 1848-49
    2.1.2: Garibaldi’s contribution importance to unify Italy
    2.1.3: Cavour role in the unification of Italy
    2.1.4: The importance of moving towards Italian unification for European countries
    2.1.5: Austrian influence over Italy
    2.1.6: Italian nationalism and the role of Mazzini
    2.1.7: Events of 1848–49
    2.1.8: Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour: Plombières, war with Austria in 1859
    2.1.9: Garibaldi and the invasion of Sicily and Naples
    2.1.10: The creation of the Kingdom of Italy, completion of unification by 1870
  • 3: The unification of Germany
    3.1: The unification of Germany
    3.1.1: The reasons of Germany non-unification in 1848–50
    3.1.2: Bismarck bring about Austria’s defeat of 1866
    3.1.3: Bismarck bring about France’s defeat of 1870
    3.1.4: Bismarck was responsible for the unification of Germany
    3.1.5: German nationalism
    3.1.6: The Zollverein
    3.1.7: The 1848 revolution in Prussia
    3.1.8: The setting up and eventual failure of the Frankfurt Parliament
    3.1.9: Re-establishment of Austrian influence in Germany by 1850
    3.1.10: Bismarck as Prussian Minister–President
    3.1.11: Bismarck’s foreign policy to 1871
  • 4: The cause of the civil war in the United States and its consequences
    4.1: The cause of the civil war in the United States
    4.1.1: Slavery effect on Civil War
    4.1.2: Significance of Lincoln's election as a president
    4.1.3: Reasons why the North won the war
    4.1.4: War aftermath
    4.1.5: Causes and consequences of the American Civil War, 1820–77
  • 5: Effects of Europeans overseas expansion in the nineteenth century
    5.1: Effects of Europeans overseas expansion in 19th C.
    5.1.1: Motives of Europeans imperialism
    5.1.2: Various effects of European imperialism on Africans
    5.1.3: Reasons and effects of Indian resistance against British rule
    5.1.4: Reasons and effects of Chinese resistance against European influence
    5.1.5: Reasons for imperialism: economic, military, geopolitical, religious & cultural
    5.1.6: Europeans in Africa: case studies of imperialism, and their impacts on Africans
    5.1.7: The British in India: the Mutiny, and changes it brought to British rule
    5.1.8: Europeans and China: the Opium Wars, the Boxer Rising and their results
  • 6: Causes of the First World War
    6.1: Causes of the First World War
    6.1.1: The effect of the Alliance System on war
    6.1.2: Tensions between the Great Powers because of colonial problems
    6.1.3: Reasons for the difficulty of the problems in the Balkans
    6.1.4: The role of the assassination of Franz Ferdinand In the war
    6.1.5: The origins of the First World War, 1890–1914
  • 7: Depth Study A
    7.1: Reasons why the war was not over by December 1914
    7.1.1: The Schlieffen Plan
    7.1.2: The importance of Belgium’s reaction to the Schlieffen Plan
    7.1.3: The success of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
    7.1.4: Reasons why both sides introduced trenches
    7.2: Reasons of the stalemate on the Western Front
    7.2.1: Reasons why the war become bogged down in the trenches
    7.2.2: The Living and fighting in the trenches
    7.2.3: The importance of new developments such as tanks, machine guns, aircraft and gas
    7.2.4: The significance of the Battles of Verdun and the Somme
    7.3: The importance of other fronts
    7.3.1: The party who won the war at sea
    7.3.2: Reasons why the Gallipoli campaign of 1915 failed
    7.3.3: Reasons why Russia left the war in 1918
    7.3.4: The impact of war on civilian populations
    7.4: Germany's request for an armistice in 1918
    7.4.1: The importance of America’s entry into the war
    7.4.2: Reasons why the German offensive of 1918 was unsuccessful
    7.4.3: Reasons why revolution broke out in Germany in October 1918
    7.4.4: Reasons why the armistice was signed
    7.5: Specified Content
    7.5.1: The Schlieffen Plan in operation
    7.5.2: The Battles of Mons, the Marne and Ypres
    7.5.3: The main battles of the war including the Somme and Verdun
    7.5.4: The war at sea
    7.5.5: The reasons for, and results of, the Gallipoli campaign
    7.5.6: The impact of war and civilian populations
    7.5.7: Events on the Eastern Front and the defeat of Russia
    7.5.8: The German offensive and the Allied advance
    7.5.9: Conditions in Germany towards the end of the war
    7.5.10: The armistice
  • 8: Depth Study B
    8.1: The time the Weimar Republic was doomed
    8.1.1: How Germany emerged from defeat at the end of the First World War
    8.1.2: The impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic
    8.1.3: The Republic recovery after 1923
    8.1.4: The achievements of the Weimar period
    8.2: Reasons why Hitler was able to dominate Germany by 1934
    8.2.1: The Nazi Party attitude in the 1920s
    8.2.2: Reasons why the Nazis had little success before 1930
    8.2.3: Reasons why Hitler was able to become Chancellor by 1933
    8.2.4: Hitler's role in consolidating his power in 1933–34
    8.3: The Nazi regime
    8.3.1: The effectiveness of the Nazis in controlling Germany, 1933-1945
    8.3.2: Opposition against Nazi regime
    8.3.3: Nazi and its political opponents.
    8.3.4: Nazi's attempt to control over people via media and culture
    8.3.5: Reasons for groups' persecution in German society.
    8.3.6: Totalitarianism of Nazi Germany
    8.3.7: Living in Nazi Germany
    8.3.8: The reaction of young people to the Nazi regime
    8.3.9: The success of Nazi policies towards women and the family
    8.3.10: The benefits from Nazi rule to people in Germany
    8.3.11: Changes in life in Nazi Germany with the advent of war
    8.4: Specified Content
    8.4.1: The Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic
    8.4.2: The Versailles Settlement and German reactions to it
    8.4.3: The Weimar Constitution, the main political divisions, the role of the army
    8.4.4: Political disorder, 1919–23
    8.4.5: The Stresemann era
    8.4.6: Cultural achievements of the Weimar period
    8.4.7: The early years of the Nazi Party
    8.4.8: The impact of the Depression on Germany
    8.4.9: Nazi rule in Germany
    8.4.10: Economic policy including re-armament
    8.4.11: Different experiences of Nazi rule
    8.4.12: Impact of the Second World War on Germany
  • 9: Depth Study C
    9.1: Reasons why the Tsarist regime collapsed in 1917
    9.1.1: The Tsarist regime and dealing with the difficulties of ruling Russia up to 1914
    9.1.2: The survival of the Tsar in the 1905 Revolution
    9.1.3: The effect of the First World War on the Tsar
    9.1.4: Reasons Why the revolution of March 1917 was successful
    9.2: The power of the Bolsheviks, and the consolidation of their rule
    9.2.1: The effectiveness of the Provisional Government rule in Russia in 1917
    9.2.2: The Bolsheviks ablility to seize power in November 1917
    9.2.3: Reasons why the Bolsheviks won the Civil War
    9.2.4: The success of the New Economic Policy
    9.3: How Stalin gained and held on power
    9.3.1: Reasons why Stalin, and not Trotsky, emerged as Lenin’s successor
    9.3.2: Reasons why Stalin launched the Purges
    9.3.3: The methods which Stalin used to control the Soviet Union
    9.3.4: Stalin’s control over the Soviet Union by 1941
    9.4: The impact of Stalin’s economic policies
    9.4.1: Reasons why Stalin introduced the Five-Year Plans
    9.4.2: Reasons why Stalin introduced collectivisation
    9.4.3: The success of Stalin's economic changes
    9.4.4: The effect of these changes on the Soviet people
    9.5: Specified Content
    9.5.1: The main features of Tsarist rule and Russian society before the First World War
    9.5.2: The First World War and its impact on the Russian people
    9.5.3: The March Revolution of 1917
    9.5.4: The Provisional Government and the Soviets
    9.5.5: Reasons for the failure of the Provisional Government
    9.5.6: The Bolshevik seizure of power, the role of Lenin
    9.5.7: The main features of Bolshevik rule, the Civil War and War Communism
    9.5.8: The Kronstadt Rising and the establishment of the New Economic Policy
    9.5.9: Lenin’s death and the struggle for power
    9.5.10: Reasons for Stalin’s emergence as leader by 1928
    9.5.11: Stalin’s dictatorship
    9.5.12: Stalin’s economic policies and their impact
    9.5.13: Life in the Soviet Union
  • 10: Depth Study D
    10.1: The boom of US economy in the 1920s
    10.1.1: The factors which the economic boom was based
    10.1.2: The reasons for the prosperity of some industries while others did not
    10.1.3: Reasons why agriculture did not share in the prosperity
    10.1.4: The benefit from the boom to the Americans
    10.2: Changing in American society in the 1920s
    10.2.1: The Roaring Twenties
    10.2.2: The spread of intolerance in American society
    10.2.3: Reasons why Prohibition was introduced, and then later repealed
    10.2.4: The change in women's roles during the 1920s
    10.3: The causes and consequences of the Wall Street Crash
    10.3.1: Responsibility of speculation for the Wall Street Crash
    10.3.2: The impact of the Crash on the economy
    10.3.3: The social consequences of the Crash
    10.3.4: Reasons why Roosevelt won the election of 1932
    10.4: The New Deal
    10.4.1: The New Deal in 1933
    10.4.2: The changes in the character of the New Deal after 1933
    10.4.3: Opposition to the New Deal
    10.4.4: Reasons why the unemployment persist despite the New Deal
    10.4.5: The New Deal and the failure to solve unemployment
    10.5: Specified Content
    10.5.1: The expansion of the US economy during the 1920s
    10.5.2: Weaknesses in the economy by the late 1920s
    10.5.3: Society in the 1920s
    10.5.4: The Wall Street Crash and its financial, economic and social effects
    10.5.5: The reaction of President Hoover to the Crash
    10.5.6: The presidential election of 1932; Hoover’s and Roosevelt’s programmes
    10.5.7: Roosevelt’s inauguration and the ‘Hundred Days’
    10.5.8: The New Deal legislation, the ‘alphabet agencies’ and their work
    10.5.9: The New Deal opposition
    10.5.10: The strengths and weaknesses of the New Deal programme
  • 11: Depth Study E
    11.1: Reasons why China became a Communist State in 1949
    11.1.1: Reasons for the Communists' Long March in 1934
    11.1.2: The importance of the Communist settlement at Yenan
    11.1.3: The impact of the Second World War on the Nationalist government
    11.1.3: The impact of the Second World War on the Nationalist government
    11.1.4: Reasons why there was a civil war and why the Communists won it
    11.2: The influence of communist rule on China by the mid-1960s
    11.2.1: The changes in agriculture which Communist rule brought
    11.2.2: The impact of the Communists’ social reforms
    11.2.3: The success of the Five-Year Plans in increasing production
    11.2.4: The benefits from communist rule to the Chinese people
    11.3: The impact of Communist rule on China’s relations with other countries/regions
    11.3.1: China’s changing relationships with neighbouring states
    11.3.2: Reasons why China tried to improve relations with the USA after 1970
    11.3.3: The establishment of China as a superpower at the time of Mao's death
    11.3.4: China's relations with other powers have improved since Mao's death
    11.4: The changes in China by Communist rule by c.1990
    11.4.1: Reasons Why Mao launched the Cultural Revolution
    11.4.2: The impact of the Cultural Revolution in China
    11.4.3: The death of Mao and the issue of leadership
    11.4.4: The economic development of the 1980s and the social and political change
    11.5: Specified Content
    11.5.1: Kuomintang and Communist conflict
    11.5.2: The nature of Chinese Communism
    11.5.3: Communist rule in the 1950s and 1960s
    11.5.4: Industrial developments
    11.5.5: Social change
    11.5.6: China’s relations with other countries/regions
    11.5.7: Closer relations with the USA from 1970
    11.5.8: Hong Kong
    11.5.9: Impact of China’s relations on its economic liberalisation
    11.5.10: The Communist Party dictatorship
  • 12: Depth Study F
    12.1: The foundations of the apartheid state
    12.1.1: The establishment of segregation in 1940
    12.1.2: Impact of government policies on the non-white population by 1940
    12.1.3: The success of the economic development of South Africa by 1945
    12.1.4: Reasons why the National Party won the election of 1948
    12.2: The success of apartheid between 1948 and 1966
    12.2.1: The main features of the apartheid system after 1948
    12.2.2: The consequences of the apartheid for the people of South Africa
    12.2.3: The development of opposition to apartheid between 1948 and 1964
    12.2.4: The effects of the government’s response to opposition by 1966
    12.3: The extent of South Africa's change between 1966 and 1980
    12.3.1: The significant of the National Party governments policies from 1966 to 1980
    12.3.2: The extent of the black opposition change in this period
    12.3.3: Improvement in lives by the economic factors in 1980
    12.3.4: The impact of external opposition to apartheid
    12.4: Rasons why white minority rule came to an end
    12.4.1: The effects of the policies of P W Botha
    12.4.2: The significance of individual leaders in the collapse of apartheid
    12.4.3: Reasons why violence increased between 1980 and the early 1990s
    12.4.4: The smooth transition of power between 1989 and 1994
    12.5: Specified Content
    12.5.1: Existing policies and social, economic and political effects
    12.5.2: Developments in mining, manufacturing and agriculture; state involvement
    12.5.3: Impact of the Second World War on South Africa
    12.5.4: British and Afrikaner regional differences and the 1948 election
    12.5.5: Legislation and methods of enforcement after 1948
    12.5.6: Effects on employment, families, location, education, coloureds
    12.5.7: Response of white population
    12.5.8: Development and effects in South Africa
    12.5.9: International effects; 1961 South African Republic
    12.5.10: Changes in methods of suppression and effects from 1966
    12.5.11: Divisions in ANC and PAC in exile; significance of Black Consciousness
    12.5.12: Differing effects of economic developments
    12.5.13: Organisation for African Unity and bases; UN sanctions; government response
    12.5.14: 'Total strategy’ and reforms; social and political effects
    12.5.15: The role of President de Klerk, ANC leaders ,Desmond Tutu & Chief Buthelezi
    12.5.16: School boycotts and township unrest
    12.5.17: White extremism
    12.5.18: Economic and international factors
    12.5.19: Power-sharing aims and responses
    12.5.20: 1994 general election
  • 13: Depth Study G
    13.1: The establishment of the Jewish state of Israel
    13.1.1: The significance for Palestine of the end of the Second World War
    13.1.2: The causes of conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine
    13.1.3: Reasons why the Arabs rejected United Nations plans to partition Palestine
    13.1.4: Reasons why Israel was able to win the war of 1948–49
    13.2: Israel's survival despite its Arab neighbours hostility
    13.2.1: Reasons behind Israel winning wars 1356, 1967, 1973
    13.2.2: Significance of superpower involvement in Arab-Israeli conflicts
    13.2.3: Impact of oil on the nature of Arab-Israeli conflicts
    13.2.4: Problems status between Israel and its neighbours by 1990s
    13.3: The impact of the Palestinian refugees issue
    13.3.1: The reasons of increased numbers of Palestinian refugees
    13.3.2: PLO effect in promoting the Palestinian cause
    13.3.3: Reasons why Arab states did not always support the Palestinian cause
    13.3.4: Changes of international perception of the Palestinian cause over time
    13.4: Impossibility resolving Arab-Israeli issues proven
    13.4.1: Reasons that prevented United nations from securing a lasting peace
    13.4.2: International diplomatic negotiations and its improvement on Arab states
    13.4.3: Effects of divisions within Israel on peace process
    13.4.4: Effects of rivalries among Palestinian on settlement process
    13.5: Specified Content
    13.5.1: The Arab and Jewish peoples of Palestine
    13.5.2: The aftermath of the Second World War
    13.5.3: Israel and its Arab neighbours
    13.5.4: The Palestinians to c.1992
    13.5.5: Moves towards peace
    13.5.6: Divisions that restricted progress towards peace
    13.5.7: Rivalries among Palestinians

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